Sunflower cultivation using sunflower hybrid seeds
The use of hybrid seeds has been one of the most important factors for increasing farm yields in the middle of the 20th century. Hybrid sunflower seeds have characteristics such as higher yield, better uniformity, better color and better resistance to disease. The inoculation of desirable maternal and paternal bases (inbred line) produces hybrid plants with the desired characteristics, including high yield and uniformity in ripening. With this seed, we see uniform plants in all stages of growth.
Sunflower hybrid properties
Being early: due to this important feature, we can plant this product in autumn, winter, spring and summer in different cropping dates in all parts of our country, and these features allow us to have two crops per year.
High yield potential: The yield potential of sunflower hybrid seeds is up to 4.5 tons per hectare, and if the field is well managed, good profits will be given to dear farmers. Local cultivars of sunflower may produce up to several layers and are so-called forty lamps, but in hybrid cultivars, the plants are single-layered and this feature makes bigger layers to be obtained. Having only one layer in the sunflower makes sure that all the energy of the plant is used properly and produces dense seeds. Since the formation of flowers consumes the most energy from the plant, the formation of more flowers leads to a decrease in seed quality and seed yield. Therefore, breeders have created plants that produce only one layer in order to create a higher yield.
Fixing the problem of self-incompatibility in hybrid cultivars, which reduces the percentage of porosity. One of the most important reasons for seed rot in sunflower is the self-incompatibility problem. Self-incompatibility is the reason that the pollen grain of one type is not able to fertilize the flowers of the same type, and the fertilization process is not successful, and this causes the pollen grain to be weak. The weaker the pollination, the higher the number of open seeds. For this reason, by removing self-incompatibility, the breeders have reduced the grain porosity to a large extent due to self-incompatibility, and this increases the number of seeds per plant in the plants obtained from hybrid seeds, and ultimately increases the seed yield. br>
Uniformity in growth and ripening stages: in the plants obtained from sunflower hybrid seeds, there is simultaneity in ripening and harvesting time, and this issue facilitates harvesting and other agricultural operations in the field. The simultaneous and uniform treatment of the field makes it possible to harvest the field at once and the field is harvested without causing losses, and this factor itself will have a positive effect on the final yield. Coarse, colorful and tasty product: The product obtained from sunflower hybrid seeds is colorful, large and full of kernels and has a much higher marketability than local cultivars.
Resistance to diseases and pests: mother plants that are crossed to produce hybrid seeds. They have superior and different characteristics, including resistance to certain diseases and pests. The crossing of these favorable bases causes the simultaneous transfer of favorable characteristics to the results of this crossing.
Fast growth and high photosynthesis efficiency: High photosynthesis efficiency in hybrid cultivars according to the breeding pattern causes rapid plant growth and rapid shading. on the weeds and makes it easier to manage the farm and the farmer gets better results. They have a high growth rate, produce less number of leaves and the height of the plant is lower than the local cultivars. These characteristics make these cultivars more early and reach the harvest stage with less water consumption, and finally they are less attacked by pests and diseases.